A brain-computer interface is a rapidly evolving neurotechnology connecting the human brain with a computer. In its classic form, brain activity is recorded and used to control external devices like protheses or wheelchairs. Thus, BCI users act with the power of their thoughts. While the initial development has focused on medical uses of BCIs, non-medical applications have recently been gaining more attention, for example in automobiles, airplanes, and the entertainment context. However, the attitudes of the general public towards BCIs have (...) hardly been explored. Among the general population in Germany aged 18–65 years, a representative online survey with 20 items was conducted in summer 2018 and analysed by descriptive statistics. The survey assessed: affinity for technology; previous knowledge and experience concerning BCIs; the attitude towards ethical, social and legal implications of BCI use and demographic information. Our results indicate that BCIs are a unique and puzzling way of human–machine interaction. The findings reveal a positive view and high level of trust in BCIs on the one hand but on the other hand a wide range of ethical and anthropological concerns. Agency and responsibility were clearly attributed to the BCI user. The participants’ opinions were divided regarding the impact BCIs have on humankind. In summary, a high level of ambivalence regarding BCIs was found. We suggest better information of the public and the promotion of public deliberation about BCIs in order to ensure responsible development and application of this potentially disruptive technology. (shrink)

In the present paper two kinds of quantum-theoretical states are considered: the “physical state” determined by a complete observation and the “intrinsic state” which comprises the values of the observed as well as the unobserved observables. It will be shown that the future values of all these observables are determined. Causality is therefore valid, though not verifiable.

Born a slave, but later earning his freedom and founding a school for teaching Stoicism to the sons of Roman noblemen, Epictetus has been a popular source of Stoic philosophy for centuries. Originally published in 1894 by the German scholar Adolf Bonhoeffer and here translated into English for the first time, this work remains the most systematic and detailed study of Epictetus' ethics. The basis, content, and acquisition of virtue are methodically described, while important related points in Stoic ethics are (...) discussed in an extensive appendix. Epictetus is compared throughout with the other late Stoics, Cicero, the early Stoics, and Christian moral thought. This approach shows that Stoic ethics continues to have great practical and pedagogical value. (shrink)

Der Sammelband nimmt erstmalig seit Ende des Kalten Krieges für den deutschsprachigen Raum eine komprimierte Bestandsaufnahme der aktuellen Aktivitäten, rechtlichen Rahmenbedingungen, politischen und militärischen Konfliktlinien und Kooperationsräume sowie weiterführender Trends und Herausforderungen im Weltraum vor. Dabei werden zum einen die rechtlichen, militärischen, wirtschaftlichen und technologischen Herausforderungen des Bedeutungszuwachses dieses strategisch gewichtigen Raumes analysiert. Zum anderen werden Handlungsfähigkeit und -bedarf ausgewählter Weltraummächte, ihre Kooperationsmöglichkeiten und Konfliktpotenziale sowie der internationale politische Regulierungsbedarf herausgearbeitet und darauf aufbauend politische Handlungsempfehlungen dargelegt.,,Eine hervorragend gelungene Bestandsaufnahme der (...) umfassenden Bedeutung des Weltraums." Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Karl Kaiser, Harvard University Die Herausgeber PD Dr. Antje Nötzold ist Privatdozentin und wissenschaftliche Mitarbeiterin an der Professur Internationale Politik der TU Chemnitz. Dr. Enrico Fels ist Geschäftsführer des Center for Advanced Security, Strategic and Integration Studies (CASSIS) der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn. Andrea Rotter ist Referatsleiterin für Außen- und Sicherheitspolitik bei einer politischen Stiftung. Dr. Moritz Brake ist Senior Fellow am Center for Advanced Security, Strategic and Integration Studies (CASSIS) und Experte für Maritime Sicherheit und Strategie am German Institute for Defence and Strategic Studies (GIDS) als Reserveoffizier der Deutschen Marine. (shrink)

Each contributor to this book has used personal experience as the basis from which to frame his individual sociological perspectives. Because they have personalized their work, their accounts are real, and recognizable as having come from 'real' persons, about 'real' experiences. There are no objectively-distanced disembodied third person entities in these accounts. These writers are actual people whose stories will make you laugh, cry, think, and want to know more.

This book is a collection of secondary essays on America's most important philosophic thinkers—statesmen, judges, writers, educators, and activists—from the colonial period to the present. Each essay is a comprehensive introduction to the thought of a noted American on the fundamental meaning of the American regime.

Resumo: Este artigo tem por objetivo apontar uma relação entre a estética e a ética em Sartre, mostrando que a constituição ética do indivíduo não se distingue da sua constituição estética. Primeiramente, parte-se da crítica que Merle faz em seu artigo à psicanálise existencial e se evidencia como o encontro com a história e a postulação de uma teoria da personalização nas obras biográficas destituem tais críticas. Num segundo momento, legitimam-se as postulações anteriores, apontando-se como na obra Saint Genet Sartre (...) ratifica a constituição do gosto sobre a moral pelo processo de personalização. Por fim, será visto que toda ética tem um pressuposto transgressor, na medida em que o sujeito ético é também sujeito estético.: This article aims to point out a relation between aesthetics and ethics in Sartre, showing that the ethical constitution of the individual does not distinguish from his or her aesthetic constitution. First, we start from Merle’s criticism of existential psychoanalysis, and we show how such criticisms can be dismissed on the basis of the encounter with history and the postulation of a theory of personalization in biographical works. Second, we point out how Sartre, in his Saint Genet, ratifies the constitution of a taste regarding the moral by the process of personalization. Finally, we will see that all ethics have a transgressive presupposition insofar as the ethical subject is also an aesthetic subject. (shrink)

[An attempt at a theory of social action].

Die Textkritische Edition von Schleiermachers Vorlesungen über die Pädagogik und dessen Voten zum öffentlichen Unterricht bietet die zentralen pädagogischen Texte Schleiermachers erstmalig philologisch gesichert und chronologisch geordnet in einem Band.Im Rahmen seines Direktorats bei der "Wissenschaftlichen Deputation" in Berlin und als Mitglied der "Sektion für den öffentlichen Unterricht" beim Ministerium des Inneren verfasste Schleiermacher eine Reihe von erziehungstheoretisch bedeutsamen Voten, die als Manuskripte erhalten sind und hier größtenteils zum ersten Mal veröffentlicht oder (einige wenige bereits edierte) erstmalig in textkritischer Gestalt (...) geboten werden.Während das Kolleg von 1813/14 auf Aufzeichnungen von Schleiermachers Hand beruht, die sekundär überliefert sind, werden die Pädagogik-Vorlesungen von 1820/21 und 1826 dank einer veränderten Quellenlage nicht kompiliert, sondern als zusammenhängende Texte auf der Grundlage jeweils einer studentischen Aufzeichnung von Schleiermachers Vorlesung präsentiert.Der Band II/12 ist nicht nur für die Schleiermacherforschung allgemein bedeutsam, sondern auch für die erziehungswissenschaftliche Forschung, insbesondere für die pädagogische Theoriebildung. (shrink)

Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph Schelling: System des transzendentalen Idealismus Erstdruck: Tübingen (Cotta) 1800. Der Text folgt dem Abdruck in Schellings »Sämtlichen Werken«, hg. von K.F.A. Schelling, Stuttgart (Cotta) 1856-1861 (= O[riginalausgabe]). Dort wurde der Text durch Zusätze und Bemerkungen aus Schellings Handexemplar erweitert, die der Herausgeber teils in eckigen Klammern in den Text einfügte, teils in den Fußnoten mitteilte. Neuausgabe mit einer Biographie des Autors. Herausgegeben von Karl-Maria Guth. Berlin 2016, 2. Auflage. Textgrundlage ist die Ausgabe: Friedrich Wilhelm Joseph (...) von Schelling: Werke. Auswahl in drei Bänden. Herausgegeben und eingeleitet von Otto Weiß, Leipzig: Fritz Eckardt, 1907. Die Paginierung obiger Ausgabe wird in dieser Neuausgabe als Marginalie zeilengenau mitgeführt. Umschlaggestaltung von Thomas Schultz-Overhage. Gesetzt aus der Minion Pro, 11 pt. (shrink)

Chciałem Go pożegnać. Kilkakrotnie próbowałem napisać choć parę słów. O Nim samym. Okazało się, że nie potrafię. Udało mi się tylko przedstawić Jego poglądy na reizm Tadeusza Kotarbińskiego, ale uczyniłem to gdzie indziej. Muszę tu poprzestać na ofiarowaniu Mu tego, co napisałem na Jego dziewięćdziesiąte urodziny, w osiemdziesięciolecie naszej przyjaźni.

A idéia da vida concerne um objeto tão concreto e, se se quiser, tão real, que ela parece ter ultrapassado o âmbito da lógica, tal como é comumente concebida. Certamente, se a lógica não contivesse nada além de formas de pensamento, vazias e mortas, então não poderia ela tratar de nenhum conteúdo tal como a idéia ou a vida. Se, porém, a verdade absoluta é objeto da lógica e a verdade como tal consiste essencialmente em conhecer, então o conhecer teria (...) que, pelo menos, ser tratado por ela. (shrink)

KAZALOUredniška opomba k nemški izdajiUVODI. Razmejitev estetike in ovrženje nekaterih ugovorov proti filozofiji umetnostiII. Znanstveni načini obravnave lepega in umetnostiIII. Pojem umetniško lepegaObičajne predstave o umetnosti1. Umetniško delo kot produkt človeške dejavnosti2. Umetniško delo kot vzeto iz čutnega za človekov čut3. Smoter umetnostiZgodovinska dedukcija resničnega pojma umetnosti1. Kantova filozofija2. Schiller, Winckelmann, Schelling3. IronijaRazdelitevTerminološki slovarček.

Tretji delSISTEM POSAMEZNIH UMETNOSTIUvodRazdelitevPrvi razdelek:ARHITEKTURAPrvo poglavje:Samostojna, simbolična arhitektura1. Arhitekturna dela, zgrajena za združitev ljudstev2. Arhitekturna dela, nihajoča med stavbarstvom in skulpturoa. Falični stebri ipd.b. Obeliski ipd.c. Egipčanski templji3. Prehod od samostojne arhitekture h klasičnia. Indijske in egipčanske podzemne zgradbeb. Bivališča mrtvih, piramide ipd.c. Prehod k služeči arhitekturiDrugo poglavje:Klasična arhitektura1. Splošni značaj klasične arhitekturea. Služnost določenemu smotrub. Primernost stavbe svojemu smotruc. Hiša kot osnovni tip2. Posebna osnovna določila arhitektonskih forma. O lesenih in kamnitih zgradbahb. Posebne oblike templjac. Klasični tempelj kot celota3. (...) Različni stili klasične arhitekturea. Dorski, jonski in korintski stebrni redb. Rimska konstrukcija ločnega obokac. Splošni značaj rimske arhitektureTretje poglavje:Romantična arhitektura1. Splošni značaj2. Posebni arhitektonski način oblikovanjaa. V celoti zaprta hiša kot osnovna formab. Podoba notranjščine in zunanjščinec. Način okraševanja3. Različni stili romantične arhitekturea. Predgotsko stavbarstvob. Pravo gotsko stavbarstvoc. Civilno stavbarstvo srednjega vekaTerminološki slovarček. (shrink)

Este artigo discute tópicos fundamentais relativos à tensão interna entre os aspectos absolutista e liberal do pensamento de Hobbes.

Opera prima de Friedrich Nietzsche, El origen de la tragedia es una obra intrépida y chispeante, llena de arrojo intelectual y entusiasmo juvenil, que desconcertó y fue malinterpretada por sus contemporáneos. El propio Nietzsche la calificó quince años después como un libro imposible por la ambigüedad de su estilo. En ella, el joven catedrático universitario de Filología Griega enfocaba un problema en apariencia de corte académico y filológico como el de los orígenes de la tragedia griega. Pero lo hacía (...) con tal audacia en su planteamiento, que su tesis traspasaba los límites de la filología clásica para ofrecer una visión metafísica y existencial del arte como producto de la tensión, la alternancia y la fusión de dos principios opuestos: lo apolíneo y lo dionisíaco, luz y oscuridad, razón e instinto, serenidad y embriaguez, orden y caos. El resultado fue una obra fascinante, notablemente híbrida y con una temeraria capacidad imaginativa, construida con datos filológicos y arqueológicos pero vivificada de un extremo a otro por un empeño filosófico. En todo caso -escribió su autor- aquí habla una voz extraña, el apóstol de un dios desconocido, pertrechado provisionalmente con el birrete de doctor; habla aquí el espíritu repleto de exigencias nuevas y aún inominadas, una memoria hinchada de interrogantes, de observaciones, de obscuridades; aquí habla algo como un alma mística, un alma de ménade que, atormentada y caprichosa, y casi irresoluta sobre si debe escaparse o entregarse, balbucea en cierto modo un extraño lenguaje. (shrink)

Die Universalität der Menschenrechte wird seit Jahren zwischen den verschiedenen Kulturkreisen kontrovers diskutiert. Die vorliegende Untersuchung geht der Frage nach, ob ethische Normen, wie z.B. die Menschenrechte, universal oder nur partikular (für eine bestimmte Wertgemeinschaft) begründbar sind. Zur Klärung werden Beiträge aus dem Protestantismus (u.a. W. Herrmann, E. Troeltsch, K. Barth und T. Rendtorff) und der Philosophie (Naturrechtstradition, R. Alexy, O. Höffe) analysiert. Der Verfasser kommt zu dem Ergebnis, daß ethische Normen immer in einem bestimmten, etwa dem christlichen, Menschenbild fundiert (...) sind, aber zugleich auf universale, im Weltanschauungsdiskurs zu erweisende Plausibilität zielen. (shrink)

Carl J. Friedrich (1901?1984) defined constitutionalism as something more than can be expressed by the dominant behavioralist paradigm of modern political science and the typical academic focus on law and courts. A leading but now neglected post-WWII authority on constitutionalism, Friedrich argued that it should be understood as an institutionally-based, interactive system for deliberating the meaning and legal application of the norms of a political community. His approach shares much with the contemporary ?historical institutionalist? call to situate law (...) and courts within a broader, more normative, and more interactive conception of constitutionalism. Accordingly, a reconsideration of Friedrich's work may help current efforts to better articulate the full richness and complexity of constitutionalism as a distinctive way of ordering political life. (shrink)

This book answers the question of how soft factors such as corporate cultures and individual and corporate values can be transparently steered. With its C4 management tool and reflecting the seven driving forces of corporate culture, the Values Cockpit is a powerful solution designed to steer all dimensions and processes of a company, pursuing a lean approach. The book links strategic approaches on how to steer a company towards excellence with insights into the driving forces of human thoughts and actions. (...) It subsequently introduces the Values Cockpit, which allows individual corporate cultures to be developed and controlled on the basis of a rational approach. "This intriguing book breaks new ground in suggesting that values can be managed quite as systematically as any other centrally important asset" Rebecca Henderson, John and Natty McArthur Professor, Harvard University "... a deeply articulate, profoundly relevant explication of the role played by the culture of commerce... rich with actionable tools, insights and clear examples..." Richard J Hill IV, Founder, Gabriel Consulting Group, LLC "One seldom sees practical advice on HOW strong values can be automatically practiced on a daily basis by all concerned. That is what makes this remarkable book so refreshing... his book is taking the seminal findings of Jim Collins on building great companies a step further..." Julian Clarke, Chartered Accountant and Management Consultant, European Business Ethics Network Ireland "... a brilliant yet succinct guide to teach the significance of values-development in sustainable business management..." Professor Dr. Haifeng Huang, Assistant Dean, Peking University HSBC Business School, Shenzhen, China "He admirably rejects the fatalist interpretation of the immoral might of markets and replaces it with a counter-narrative of why and how companies can be part of the solution rather than part of the problem." Professor Dr. Claus Dierksmeier, Director of the Global Ethic Institute, Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen "The values cockpit gives readers a coherent and comprehensive toolkit to help them prepare their companies for lasting success." Dr. Kurt Schmalz, C.E.O and Managing Partner J. Schmalz GmbH, Glatten, Germany. (shrink)